Generally, it has a Mediterranean climate, meaning winters are mild and often wet, and summers are hot and dry. Inland areas of Sicily experience weather and temperatures that are more typical of a four-season climate, with colder winters and more noticeable transition periods of spring and fall.

The Alcantara Gorge, Messina

Thousands of years ago, a river of Etnean lava oozed its way north. It met the Alcantara River, whose cool water forced the torrent to solidify into dramatic black prisms.

Over the years, the river has carved out a new route through the volcanic rock, creating a breathtaking gorge with crystal-clear water shallow enough to walk through.

A map provided at the entrance gives details of walking trails through the gorge, and it's possible to organise a guided tour with waders available to rent to explore the deeper sections of the gorge.

On the maps, points of interest are marked out, most of which highlight the area’s flora. Expect to see a frenzy of colourful wildflowers such as violets, orchids, poppies and anemones, which thrive in the volcanic soil.

Vendicari Nature Reserve, Noto

Flamingos flock to the Vendicari in southern Sicily in spring and autumn, where they can be seen plucking insects from the shallow wetlands of the sandy coast.

Walk through whistling reeds and along untouched beaches to discover numerous bird species, reptiles and amphibians including Sicilian pond turtles, rat snakes and golden toads.

On the beach, you’ll find scattered balls of marine debris which, though at first may look like rubbish, are actually a formation caused by the leaf litter of Neptune grass (Posidonia oceanica), an aquatic plant that thrives in pure and unpolluted seawater

Cavagrande del Cassibile, Avola

Descend the steep, winding paths of a cliff to reveal a canyon oasis so breathtaking you’ll brush away thoughts of the punishing climb back to the top.

Where the emerald green water of the Cassibile River tumbles its way to the coast, a series of freshwater pools and gentle waterfalls lay themselves before your feet. As the sun beats down, take a dip into the ice-cold water, watching birds including buzzards and peregrine falcons soar overhead.

When you eventually tear yourself away, take time to admire the abundance of wildflowers brightening the way back up. See jewel-like moon orchids and irises, salvia and Jerusalem sage, plus plenty more.

Near the top, observe the mysterious and ancient tombs carved into the cliff face on the opposite side of the canyon, known in Italy as dieri. Little is known about their history or origin.

Zingaro Nature Reserve, Trapani

Seven kilometres and seven pristine bays... Walk one of western Sicily’s most treasured coastal paths for glittering seaside scenery comprising hidden coves and inlets, turquoise ocean and pale shingle beaches strewn with broken shells.

Starting in the tiny hamlet of Scopello, hike your way to the seaside resort town of San Vito Lo Capo, passing the seven bays en route: Cala Tonnarella Dell'Uzzo, Cala dell'Uzzo, Cala Marinella, Cala Beretta, Cala della Disa, Cave del Varo and Cala Capreira.

Look out for eagles, peregrine falcons and kestrels swooping to catch prey in the low scrublands of broom and wild thyme.

Monte Pellegrino Nature Reserve, Palermo

If you find yourself in Sicily’s capital without the opportunity to go further afield, look no further than Monte Pellegrino, the mountain that dominates the landscape to the west of Mondello Bay.

Take one of the numerous walking trails high into the rugged forested peaks, the rich blues of the Tyrrhenian Sea stretched out on the horizon.

Spot reptiles and birds of prey on your way including peregrine falcons, kestrels, buzzards and owls, dipping into ash trees and Mediterranean maquis.

(from wanderlust.uk)

- Deforestation and Habitat Loss: Deforestation and land-use changes for agriculture and urban development are significant concerns in the south of Sicily. These activities have led to habitat loss, reduced biodiversity, and soil erosion.

- Water Scarcity and Quality: Water scarcity and issues related to water quality are prevalent in Sicily, with irregular rainfall patterns and over-extraction of groundwater. Salinization of soil and water bodies has become a concern, affecting both agriculture and ecosystems.

- Coastal Erosion and Sea-Level Rise: Coastal areas in the South of Sicily are vulnerable to erosion due to rising sea levels and climate change impacts. Erosion has led to the loss of coastal habitats, damage to infrastructure, and increased flood risks.

- Waste Management and Pollution: Proper waste management is a challenge in some areas of Sicily, which has created issues around littering, illegal dumping, and pollution.

- Responsible Water Usage: Practice responsible water consumption and use water sparingly.

- Waste Reduction: Reduce waste generation by using reusable items and dispose of waste properly in designated bins and recycling facilities.

- Respect for Natural Environments: Show respect for the natural environment by sticking to marked trails and access points when exploring nature reserves and coastal areas.

- Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation: The Italian government has designated several protected areas and reserves in the South of Sicily, such as the Vendicari Nature Reserve and the Zingaro Nature Reserve. These areas are essential for biodiversity conservation, and the government supports initiatives to maintain and protect the unique flora and fauna found in these regions.

- Coastal Protection and Erosion Mitigation: Given the region's vulnerability to coastal erosion and sea-level rise, the Italian government has been investing in infrastructure and coastal protection projects. These efforts aim to preserve coastal environments and safeguard against the impacts of climate change, which is crucial for the South of Sicily's environmental stability.

- Renewable Energy and Sustainable Tourism: Italy, including Sicily, is committed to the development of renewable energy sources and the promotion of sustainable tourism. In the South of Sicily, this includes investments in solar and wind energy, as well as efforts to promote eco-friendly tourism practices to reduce the environmental impact of visitors.

- Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation: The region has promoted sustainable agricultural practices to protect its natural landscapes and conserve biodiversity. Initiatives include organic farming, agroforestry, and the preservation of traditional crops.

- Renewable Energy Development: Sicily has invested in renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power in an effort to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy independence, and support Italy's transition to cleaner energy options.

- Coastal Protection and Erosion Mitigation: Given its extensive coastline, the South of Sicily has been engaged in projects aimed at protecting coastal areas from erosion and sea-level rise. This includes the construction of seawalls, beach nourishment, and reforestation to stabilize coastal dunes.

- Irresponsible Coastal Access: Avoid damaging coastal environments by refraining from activities like driving on beaches or trampling delicate dune ecosystems. Stick to designated paths and access points to minimize the disturbance to these sensitive habitats.

- Waste and Littering: Prevent environmental degradation by disposing of waste properly. Use designated trash bins and recycling facilities, especially in natural areas and along the coastline.

- Overconsumption of Water Resources: As Sicily, including the South, is currently facing water scarcity issues, avoid excessive water usage such as long showers and unnecessary irrigation.

- Legambiente: a prominent Italian environmental organization that operates in various regions, including Sicily. They often organize volunteer programs, clean-up initiatives, and conservation efforts focused on Sicily's natural landscapes, coastline, and marine environments. To orgaize volunteer work, visit this page.